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Italian Lingua is one of the Romance languages \u200b\u200bof the Indo-European family. Sixty million people speak this language in the Italian peninsula, southern Switzerland, San Marino, Sicily, Corsica, northern Sardinia and in the northern Adriatic coast. This is a single language with many dialects, as the other Romance languages \u200b\u200bis a direct descendant of Latin spoken by the Romans and imposed a few towns were under their rule. The struggle that took place during the Middle Ages in many European countries, the Latin language written cultured, although dead, and the languages \u200b\u200bthat come from him as popular and spoken, and therefore alive, was nowhere as intensely as in Italy.

During the evolution of Italian were many dialects. In the north of the peninsula rich in Gallo-Italian origin, are the Piedmont, Lombardy, Liguria, and Emilia and Bologna, all show a clear affinity with the French pronunciation and its truncated endings. In the Italian Tyrol, and in Dalmatia, Istria and the area of \u200b\u200bVenice speak Venetian. Below this region are-central dialects: the Tuscan, Corsican, Sardinian, Roman (which is closely related the Umbria and Marche), the dialects of Campania, (with Abruzzo and Puglia), the Sicilian, Calabrian and Neapolitan. The dialects spoken in central and southern Sardinia are a different group and are now considered as an independent branch within the Romance languages, while Italian is spoken in the Alpine region, north of Venice, Friulian, considers itself as a dialect of Romansh.

The multiplicity of dialects that emerged in Italy as well as the desire of its speakers to claim that theirs was the only pure Italian heir to the Latin, have been a particular difficulty that arises in a unique way of Italian to represent the cultural unity of the whole peninsula. Although the first papers in romance are the tenth century, were dialect, and so were the writings of later centuries, which led to rival literary schools, as many as regions. The Tuscan dialect achieved dominance during the fourteenth century, given the central location in Tuscany, and that Florence was the city's most influential, because they made a whole business of the utmost importance. In addition, the Tuscan dialect is the least morphologically and fonológicamante departs from classical Latin. Along with this we must add that the Florentine culture has housed within it the three major authors have understood better the Italian thought and soul during the Middle Ages and early Renaissance: Dante, Petrarch and Boccaccio.